Anglo-american tradition of sport: English Sunday and athletic Sunday 영미(英美) 스포츠 문화의 종교사적 전통: 잉글리시 선데이와 애슬레틱 선데이
하남길NamGilHa , 김세기SeGiKim
48(3) 1-18, 2009
Title
Anglo-american tradition of sport: English Sunday and athletic Sunday 영미(英美) 스포츠 문화의 종교사적 전통: 잉글리시 선데이와 애슬레틱 선데이
하남길NamGilHa , 김세기SeGiKim
DOI:
Abstract
This research aims to confirm the existence of the English Sunday and Athletic Sunday traditions stemming from Anglo-American sports history. The findings of the research are as follows. First, English Sunday dates back to the English Puritan tradition of recreation, whereby participation in sports activities were forbidden on Sundays. In contrast, the American Protestant tradition of Athletic Sunday encouraged sports to be played on the day of the Sabbath. Secondly, the tradition of English Sunday was strengthened by James I’s Declaration of Lawful Sports. Thirdly, English Sunday was exported to the United States in the 17th Century and adhered to until the beginning of the 20th century. Finally, the phrase Athletic Sunday was introduced by the American YMCA around the 1900s influenced by the ideology of Muscular Christianity. English Sunday and Athletic Sunday were in competition with one another from the 1890s and the 1930s. While the tradition of English Sunday almost completely disappeared by the 1950s but the tradition of Athletic Sunday lives on today.
Key Words
English Sunday, athletic Sunday, muscular Christianity, movement
The Life history of Ahn Hyang-Mi of the first women`s baseball player 최초 여자야구선수 안향미의 생애사
하웅용WoongYongHa , 최영금YoungGeumChoi
48(3) 19-33, 2009
Title
The Life history of Ahn Hyang-Mi of the first women`s baseball player 최초 여자야구선수 안향미의 생애사
하웅용WoongYongHa , 최영금YoungGeumChoi
DOI:
Abstract
True, in spite of steady increases in women’s participation in sports, there hasn’t been enough corresponding movements to deal with the history of woman sports. This research recognized why women’s athletics, which hasn’t been focused on, should be studied, and found out the cultural meaning of women’s athletics and analyze its meaning in the sports history by taking a look at the life of a female baseball player, Ahn Hyang-Mi, in the light of sports feminism. First, how she became a baseball player and what she went through as a female baseball player is significant in terms of the Korean women’s sports culture. Second, she established an independent female baseball team, which has practical meanings of feminism in the sports history. Third, her life as a baseball player is a good example to overcome disadvantages in sprots, thus a significant meaning in the sports history. Taking all of these into consideration, Ahn Hyang-Mi is the one women played an essential role in improving the culture of women’s sports in the field of Korean sports.
Key Words
Life history, Feminism, Ahn Hyang-Mi, Women`s Baseball
Establishment and promotion of ‘Jaegon-Chejo’ in 5·16 military dictatorship era 5·16 군정기 재건체조의 재정과 보급
조문기MoonGiCho , 임석원SukWonYim
48(3) 35-43, 2009
Title
Establishment and promotion of ‘Jaegon-Chejo’ in 5·16 military dictatorship era 5·16 군정기 재건체조의 재정과 보급
조문기MoonGiCho , 임석원SukWonYim
DOI:
Abstract
A series of study had to be done on historical background and actions practiced by three different hosts: schools, government offices and private offices. For theestablishment of ‘Jaegon-chejo’(national exercise), a conclusion of the study is stated below. Jaegon-chejo, was originally designed by korea gymnastic associationas a kookmin-chejo for the young and middle aged citizens. It was established by Ministry of Education on the 12th of July 1961. Owing to budget allocation the transfer of its control changed to National Reconstrution Movement center, it was renamed Jaegon-chejo on request of National Reconstrution Movement center. For propagation of Jaegon-chejo, school, government offices and private office buildings were used as an assembly for publication and education. Publications and institutions were held nationwide and physical education teachers and government officials helped the promotion largely, as directors after required training. Modernization of Korea was mostly about finding resolution of poverty and ways of economic growth. In this context promotion and practice of Jaegon-chejo had become a driving force of national integration as a measure of developing modernization of Korea. At the same time, it also played a great part in drawing national attention to sports followed by the ‘publication of national sports promotion act’ in September 1962.
Key Words
5·16 military dictatorship era, establishment and promotion, Jaegon-Chejo
The athletic program of the seoul YMCA during the early post-colonial period 해방 직후 서울YMCA의 체육프로그램
김재우JaeWooKim
48(3) 45-56, 2009
Title
The athletic program of the seoul YMCA during the early post-colonial period 해방 직후 서울YMCA의 체육프로그램
김재우JaeWooKim
DOI:
Abstract
It is almost impossible to find a literature explaining how the Seoul YMCA developed its athletic project during the post-colonial period Therefore, this research looked into the athletic program for the Seoul YMCA during the post-colonial period to iron out this mystery. As a result, some facts were revealed as follows:
The athletic club, which began more fast-paced activities than any other section during the early period of the post-colonial, spread out both inside and outside athletic programs as a part of the "Four-fold program". In-association athletic programs mainly consisted of all sorts of athletic clubs’ activities, and numerous clubs including basketball club, apparatus gymnastics club, boxing club, Judo club, table tennis club, the art of fist duel club, fencing club, and rope-jumping club were revived or newly established As for outside athletic programs, sports meetings and goodwill matches with a variety of events including indoor athletic meets succeeding to the pre-Liberation sports meeting were held. It is thought that such a YMCA-hosted athletic program performed its role as a central program for the Seoul YMCA’s stagnant activity at that time and further, may have contributed, more or less, to the technical advancement and popularization of the Korean sports which tried to newly revive itself right after the Liberation.
Key Words
Seoul YMCA, athletic program, post-colonial & sport
The state of martial arts through 《Eoyeong-cheongJungsunDeungrok》 in Late Joseon Dynasty 조선후기 《어영청중순등록》을 통해 본 무예 현황
곽낙현NakHyunKwak
48(3) 57-65, 2009
Title
The state of martial arts through 《Eoyeong-cheongJungsunDeungrok》 in Late Joseon Dynasty 조선후기 《어영청중순등록》을 통해 본 무예 현황
곽낙현NakHyunKwak
DOI:
Abstract
This study aims to verify contents of martial arts and examine their subjects through 《Eoyeong-cheongJungsunDeungrok》. The conclusions are following. First, The martial arts which apply in Eoyeong-cheong are same as 24 martial art style in 《Muyedobotongji》. Second, Eoyeong-cheong distributed martial arts focused on Yong-geom, pyeong-geom, Jedok-geom. Third, There are differences in term of martial arts. For example, Bonguk-geom is regarded as Shin-geom in 《Muyedobotongji》 but, they are considered different style of sword skill in 《Eoyeong-cheongJungsunDeungrok》. For these reasons, the study of martial arts in late Joseon Dynasty should be progressed with various research materials in microscopic view.
A consideration on physical rational will in physical education 체육에서 신체 이성적 의지에 대한 고찰
장성수SeongSooChang
48(3) 67-77, 2009
Title
A consideration on physical rational will in physical education 체육에서 신체 이성적 의지에 대한 고찰
장성수SeongSooChang
DOI:
Abstract
This research is designed to infer the essence of physical education and then, to understand the meaning of ‘physical rational will’ combined with sense, will, and reason. As the body connotes the root meaning of human beings, it should be able to lead a life as a being in the world. Then, the body as the subject of having free will be able to lead adaptation, extension and change to the environment. There is required, in this process, the conception of ‘physical rational will’ combined with physical will and reason. It could be understood that it is very close to the existence meaning as it is affirmative physical will or ideally high physical self. Accordingly, this ‘physical rational will’ can be a concept which overcomes the whole process of life going through adaptation, change, and sublimation in life. As it can be the subject meaning analogues to the synonym of ‘physical self’ 솟 goes for a fully functioning person and self-realization.
Key Words
Physical rational will, physical education, the subject
Limits of the discourse about a reform in the juveniles competitive sport(elite sport) 유소년 경기스포츠 개혁담론의 한계
송형석HyeongSeokSong
48(3) 79-90, 2009
Title
Limits of the discourse about a reform in the juveniles competitive sport(elite sport) 유소년 경기스포츠 개혁담론의 한계
송형석HyeongSeokSong
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to review the reformative discourse on juvenile high level athletics in Korea. The advocator, who assert the reform of the juvenile athletics, diagnosed the athletics as a serious problem not only from a pedagogical point of view, but also from a viewpoint of human rights. They say, this practice is not suitable for the school education and ignores human rights of juveniles athletes with short quick paces. Therefore, they come to the conclusion that the practice should be reformed. But, for the solution of the problem, it is necessary not to reform but to abolish. Because the problem come not from it’s wrong management, but from the high level athletics itself which are characterized by ‘goal-oriented rationality(Zweckrationalitat)’.
Key Words
Juveniles competitive sport, student athletes, human rights
This study, as a literature research, explored the whole process of judo training by dividing three stages; beginning, intermediate and advanced levels. As the beginning level of judo pursues the theory, the principle of softness that adapts oneself to others is Geogyung that makes stay oneself down in Confucianism and since the principle of victory or defeat pursue strategies and tactics and achieve the ultimate goals, Gungri that studies the reasons and laws of objects in Confucianism can be interpreted the principle of Geogyunggungri in the Analects of Confucius. As the intermediate level means moral cultures, the physical effects gained from judo, the ideas of Jungryuksunyong and Jatagongyong that practice all doctrines through Gyukmul that scientific and rational reaches the principles of objects and the empirical wisdom that exists inside it are final purpose and definition of judo. In addition, it is the ultimate goal of human life. In Confucianism, Mencius explained open-hearted mind come from fair mind based on a great morale. The purpose of judo; the good use of mental and physical energy and mutual prosperity for oneself and others or the virtue of judo; a great morale are the essence of Oriental philosophy and the dream of mankind. Therefore, the ideological background of judo can be defined as a study that embodies the realistic practice od Confucianism.
Key Words
Kano Jigoro, Confucianism, the Analects of Confucius, Geogyunggungri, Gyukmuljigi
A study on strengthening the sport diplomatic power of Korea through facilitating Official Development Assistance(ODA) programs using sport 스포츠 공적개발원조 사업의 활성화를 통한 한국 스포츠외교력 강화 방안
김범식BeomSigKim , 이정우JungWooLee
48(3) 101-112, 2009
Title
A study on strengthening the sport diplomatic power of Korea through facilitating Official Development Assistance(ODA) programs using sport 스포츠 공적개발원조 사업의 활성화를 통한 한국 스포츠외교력 강화 방안
김범식BeomSigKim , 이정우JungWooLee
DOI:
Abstract
This study seeks the way to strengthen the sport diplomatic power of South Korea through facilitating Official Development Assistance (ODA) programs using sport. To do so, this paper firstly examines the content of the Millenium Developmental Goals (the MDGs) by the United Nations and identifies the role of sport in realizing the MDGs. Then it reviews three states' (Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom) international activities related to sport for development and peace. On the basis of these, this paper attempts to evaluate ODA programs related sport by the Korean government and to offer policy suggestions for enhancing the quality of Korean ODA activities. The current paper argues that taking account of the economic capacity and the sporting excellence of South Korea, the scale of its international development program is visibly small. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the extent of ODA using sport accordingly. In addition, the priority should be given to universal humanitarian principles, not to immediate national interests, when initiating such program. With active contribution to international development the status of South Korea in the global sporting community can be enhanced.This study seeks the way to strengthen the sport diplomatic power of South Korea through facilitating Official Development Assistance(ODA) programs using sport. To do so, this paper firstly examines the content of the
Key Words
Official Development Assistance, ODA, sport diplomacy, the Millenium Developmental Goals, the MDGs, soft power, contribution diplomacy
The development of public service for protocol of Leisure activity program in the Aging Society: focus on community aged recreation center 고령화시대의 노인복지증진을 위한 여가활동 프로그램의 프로토콜 개발: 지역사회 노인복지관 및 문화센터를 중심으로
이은석EunSurkYi
48(3) 113-124, 2009
Title
The development of public service for protocol of Leisure activity program in the Aging Society: focus on community aged recreation center 고령화시대의 노인복지증진을 위한 여가활동 프로그램의 프로토콜 개발: 지역사회 노인복지관 및 문화센터를 중심으로
이은석EunSurkYi
DOI:
Abstract
This study was intended to provide basic materials necessary to develop the protocol for the leisure activity program in the aging society of the community aged recreation center. To attain this goal, this study attempted to investigate domestic and overseas literature review, Delphi, interview of expert group comprised. The sample of the study were Delphi group(n=30), expert interview group(N=16), verification group(N=38). It used the research method that many-sided aspects. Analyzed using SPSS ver. 14.0 and qualitative method.
Based on the above research method and procedures, the following conclusion was drawn: There were 29 protocols with the connection between the stage of establishing the concept and the stage of evaluating needs, component elements at the stage of evaluating the needs and the protocol elements at the stage of constructing were 39 protocols, the protocol elements at the stage of constructing the contents and at the implementation stage were 33 protocols, facilities at the stage of constructing, protocol elements by sub-stage of the implementation stage were connected with those by sub-stage of the evaluation stage were 23 protocols. In the result the protocol elements by planning stage of the activity program of the community aged recreation center were 124 connected.
Key Words
Leisure activity program, Protocol, Aging society
Development of Korean exercise addiction scale 한국형 운동중독 척도 개발
강신욱ShinWookKang
48(3) 131-145, 2009
Title
Development of Korean exercise addiction scale 한국형 운동중독 척도 개발
강신욱ShinWookKang
DOI:
Abstract
Many attempts have been made to develop exercise addiction scale(EAS). And many researchers observed exercise addiction phenomenon systematically by using these instruments. EAS developed in America and Europe and Korean previous EAS based on these scales are all valuable in their own way, however some problems are discovered from the point of view of validity. So, the present study was to develop Korean scale to measure exercise addiction more validly. This study were carried out through 3-stage survey. 20 years over 200 adults who participate in leisure sports regularly and consistently from 10 items(eg. marathon, badminton, snow board) were collected as interviewees from March to April, 2008 in the first stage. 34 preliminary items were confirmed from 685 items through content analysis method in this stage. 400 leisure sports participants were sampled as subjects in May, 2008 in the second stage. 20 items composed 5 factors were extracted as a result of testing goodness, validity, and reliability for 34 preliminary items in this stage. 400 new participants were sampled as subjects in July in the third stage, and 100 participants were re-sampled among them at intervals of two weeks to re-test scale. Validity and reliability test for 20 items were performed. Finally this study developed new Korean EAS of 18 items composed 5 factors, that is, withdrawal, conflict, attachment, tolerance, and compulsiveness through this procedure.
Development of an eye gaze tracking system for sport applications 스포츠 분야 활용을 위한 시선 추적 장치 개발
이상철SangCheolLee
48(3) 147-156, 2009
Title
Development of an eye gaze tracking system for sport applications 스포츠 분야 활용을 위한 시선 추적 장치 개발
이상철SangCheolLee
DOI:
Abstract
Existing head mounted eye gaze tracking systems(HMETS) were developed for application of HCI or human engineering. Therefore, mobility, lightness of the head mount device, and illumination condition of the system were not considered. But these facts of the HMETS affected experiment design in field of sport, and the experiments could be restricted by the device's limit. To overcome the shortcomings of the existing device, HMETS designed for sport applications was developed in this paper. The developed HMETS introduced an infrared(IR) cut off filter technology to reduce change of illumination condition that comes from indoor/outdoor uses of the HMETS, and was programed with projective transformation algorithm. To reduce the weight and to increase mobility of the head mount device of the HMETS, the latest micro camera was used and light weight video cable was assembled. With these techniques, the weight of the head mount device was reduced by 1/3 -1/2 of the existing device, and subject could move freely about 8m around the HMETS's controller. The vertical/horizontal mean error of the developed HMETS was measured about 0.8 °, which was almost same resolution of the commercial HMETS.
Key Words
Head mounted eye gaze tracking system, HMETS, infrared, IR
Differences in the brain activation pattern during motor imagery and action observation of golf putting 골프퍼팅에 대한 운동심상과 활동관찰시의 뇌 활성화 패턴 차이
김태호TaeHoKim , 박상범SangBumPark , 하준호JunHoHa
48(3) 157-165, 2009
Title
Differences in the brain activation pattern during motor imagery and action observation of golf putting 골프퍼팅에 대한 운동심상과 활동관찰시의 뇌 활성화 패턴 차이
김태호TaeHoKim , 박상범SangBumPark , 하준호JunHoHa
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in mechanisms of motor imagery and action observation by analyzing the brain activation pattern during motor imagery and action observation of golf putting. 18 male university students participated as subjects, and were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: action observation, motor imagery with eyes open, and motor imagery with eyes closed. During the experiment, the action observation group observed the putting performance of a model, whereas other groups performed motor imagery of golf putting with either eyes open or eyes closed. While participants performed the experimental tasks, EEG activities were measured from three brain areas, C3, Cz, and C4, from which the suppression of mu rhythm was calculated. Calculated variable was analyzed by three-way ANOVAs (3 groups x 3 distances x 3 brain areas) with repeated measures on the last two factors. The suppression of mu rhythm was suppressed significantly in the action observation group, compared to motor imagery groups. This result suggests that action observation can activate the brain areas involved in the performance of actual task more effectively than motor imagery.
Key Words
Motor imagery, action observation, cognitive intervention, EEG
The influence of aerobic capacity on frontally-m,ediated executive function: an ERP study 심폐체력이 전두엽의 집행기능에 미치는 영향: ERP를 통한 연구
우민정MinJungWoo
48(3) 167-177, 2009
Title
The influence of aerobic capacity on frontally-m,ediated executive function: an ERP study 심폐체력이 전두엽의 집행기능에 미치는 영향: ERP를 통한 연구
우민정MinJungWoo
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between aerobic capacity and cerebral cortical responses in young male adult whose prefrontal lobe is in the middle of development. It was also examined to see if this relationship is stronger in frontally-mediated executive function task, relative to attentional task. Participants were 60 college age young healthy male (M=19.89 yrs) who underwent fitness testing to estimate aerobic capacity. Cognitive function was assessed by neuroelectrical response, an event-related potential (ERP) during executive task and non-executive task. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded at Fz, Cz, and Pz during cognitive challenges. As the result, aerobic capacity was positively associated with P300 amplitude at Fz and Cz during executive function task. P300 latencies at Fz, Cz, Pz during executive challenge and at Pz during non-executive task was shorter in high-fit participants, relative to those who are low-fit. The current finding revealed that aerobic capacity yields neuro-electrical benefit with increasing allocation of attentional resources and making cognitive-processing speed short. The benefit of aerobic capacity was greater during frontally-mediated executive challenge.
Key Words
Aerobic capacity, ERP, Executive function
Teacher`s story in cooperative Learning 협동학습 수업운영에 대한 교사 이야기
민병도ByungDoMin , 김진희JinHeeKim , 김복희BokHeeKim
48(3) 179-189, 2009
Title
Teacher`s story in cooperative Learning 협동학습 수업운영에 대한 교사 이야기
민병도ByungDoMin , 김진희JinHeeKim , 김복희BokHeeKim
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore physical education (PE) teacher experiences in cooperative learning, and to reveal self-reflective story on the basis of researcher's narrative in technical high school. I used a case study and collected data from documents and teacher journals. Data was analyzed by open coding. Five reflections have been emerged by researcher's reflective retelling and introspecting: 'meeting', 'training', 'endeavor', 'hope', and 'realization'. These findings were discussed: "perception of excellent teacher", "who is reconstructing of class meaning", and "harmony of instructor and researcher". This paper shows the changes made to the initiative and reports on self-reflection in relation to PE program of the personal experience and its impact on teacher professional development.
Key Words
Story, cooperative Learning, teacher development
The casual relationships among professional development satisfaction, teaching belief and teacher planning related to secondary school physical education teachers 중등 체육교사의 연수만족과 교수신념 및 수업계획의 인과관계
박경석KyungSukPark
48(3) 191-201, 2009
Title
The casual relationships among professional development satisfaction, teaching belief and teacher planning related to secondary school physical education teachers 중등 체육교사의 연수만족과 교수신념 및 수업계획의 인과관계
박경석KyungSukPark
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the casual relationships among professional development Satisfaction, teaching belief and teacher planning related to secondary school physical education teachers. A predictive, Non-experimental design was used to test the model in a sample of 222 physical teacher working in middle and high school in Seoul and Kyunggi province. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire which is a professional development satisfaction by Kim(2002) and teaching belief as identified by Choi(2005) and teacher planning as identified by Lee & Cho(2000). The data were collected and was analyzed with descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation of SPSS 15.0version and with Path analysis of AMOS 7.0 version. The following results were obtained: The first, the physical education teacher's professional development satisfaction was statistically correlation with teaching belief and teacher planning . The second, the physical education teacher's professional development satisfaction had statistically positive effect on teaching belief and teacher planning. The third, teaching belief had statistically positive effect on teacher planning. Also, teaching belief showed moderated effect partially between professional development satisfaction and teacher planning.본 연구의 목적은 중등 체육교사의 연수만족과 교수신념 및 수업계획과의 인과관계를 분석하는 것이었다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 서울과 경기지역의 체육교사를 대상으로 비례적 군집추출표집을 통해 222명의 연구대상을 선정하였다. 조사도구로서 연수만족은 김종성(2002)의 설문지를 사용하였으며, 교수신념은 최진영(2005)의 설문지를 수업계획은 이종철, 조홍식(2000)의 설문지를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 15.0과 Amos7.0 version 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계분석과 변인간의 상관관계를 분석하였으며, 변인간의 인과 관계는 공변량 구조분석(covariance structure analysis)을 사용하였다. 이에 따른 결과는 첫째, 중등 체육교사의 연수만족은 교수신념, 수업계획과 유의한 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 중등 체육교사의 연수만족은 교수신념과 수업계획에 유의한 정적영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 교수신념은 수업계획에 유의한 정적 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 교수신념은 연수만족과 수업계획사이에 부분적인 매개변인인 것으로 나타났다.
Key Words
Professional development satisfaction, teaching belief, teacher planning, secondary school physical education teachers
Structural relationships between organizational culture and organizational commitment and job satisfaction in golf course: competing values approach 골프장 조직내 조직문화, 조직몰입, 직무만족간의 구조적 관계 -경쟁가치모형의 적용-
정지명JiMyungJung
48(3) 203-212, 2009
Title
Structural relationships between organizational culture and organizational commitment and job satisfaction in golf course: competing values approach 골프장 조직내 조직문화, 조직몰입, 직무만족간의 구조적 관계 -경쟁가치모형의 적용-
정지명JiMyungJung
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to find out the type of organizational culture based on the Competing Value Approach to fit to golf course by looking into relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment and job satisfaction through full-time workers. we used convenience sampling method and distributed 200 questionnaires for 2 months to nine golf courses except the golf course located in Jeju and Gyeongsandco. In data processing, we tried multiple frequency, exploratory factor analysis and correlation using SPSS version 15.0 program. Also, we analyzed confirmatory factor analysis and causal relationship using Amos 5.0 program. The results supports two types of organizational culture, adhocracy and clan culture, influenced on organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Therefore, organization of golf course should focus on adhocracy and clan culture for full-time worker.
Key Words
Organizational culture, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, competing value approach
Structural relation of Coach’s Charismatic Leadership, Tennis Club Members’ Maturity, and Performance 코치의 카리스마 리더십과 테니스 동호인의 성숙도 및 경기력의 구조적 관계
조태수TaeSooCho
48(3) 213-225, 2009
Title
Structural relation of Coach’s Charismatic Leadership, Tennis Club Members’ Maturity, and Performance 코치의 카리스마 리더십과 테니스 동호인의 성숙도 및 경기력의 구조적 관계
조태수TaeSooCho
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between maturity and performance of tennis club members and a coach’s charismatic leadership. For this purpose, I chose people who were learning tennis in GyeongSangBuk-Do as the subjects and used the random sample to select those persons. To process the data, I conducted frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis with SPSS 14.0 program And also implemented confirmatory factor analysis and structure equation model analysis with AMOS 7.0. The results of this research are as followings. First, among the sub-factors of tennis coach's charismatic leadership, exemplary behavior, expectation, and trust expression behavior had significantly positive influence on exercise maturity in the statistics. Second, among the sub-factors of tennis coach's charismatic leadership, exemplary behavior, expectation, trust expression behavior, and vision providing behavior had significantly positive influence on psychological maturity in the statistics. Third, the exercise maturity and psychological maturity had significantly positive influence on the performance of the tennis club members.
An analysis of the effects of the service quality of commercial sports facilities on a customer`s emotion, satisfaction, attitude, and intention for relationship continuance 상업스포츠시설의 서비스품질이 고객의 감정, 만족, 태도, 관계지속의도에 미치는 영향
An analysis of the effects of the service quality of commercial sports facilities on a customer`s emotion, satisfaction, attitude, and intention for relationship continuance 상업스포츠시설의 서비스품질이 고객의 감정, 만족, 태도, 관계지속의도에 미치는 영향
A convenience sampling method was used for the commercial sports facility customers to analyze the effects of the service quality of commercial sports facilities on a customer's emotion, satisfaction, attitude, and intention for relationship continuance. Data was analyzed through frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structure equation modeling, and the results were as follows. First, service quality showed statistically significant positive effects on positive emotions, while showing negative effects on negative emotions. Second, positive emotions showed statistically significant positive effects on customer satisfaction, while negative emotions showed statistically significant negative effects on customer satisfaction. Third, positive emotions did not show statistically significant effects on a customer's attitude, while negative emotions showed statistically significant negative effects on a customer's attitude. Fourth, customer satisfaction showed statistically significant positive effects on a customer's attitude. Fifth, a customer's attitude showed statistically significant positive effects on the customer's intention to continue the relationship.
The impact of corporate image attribute by participating in sports sponsorship on brand attitude and purchase intention 스포츠 스폰서십 참여에 따른 기업 이미지 속성이 브랜드 태도 및 구매 의도에 미치는 영향
The impact of corporate image attribute by participating in sports sponsorship on brand attitude and purchase intention 스포츠 스폰서십 참여에 따른 기업 이미지 속성이 브랜드 태도 및 구매 의도에 미치는 영향
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of attributes of corporate image which will be generated through participating in sports sponsorship on brand attitude and purchase intension. Data were collected by convenience sampling method from 220 College students, K university in Seoul, and 189 questionnaires except 31 insincere questionaries were finally applied to this study. The data were analyzed by reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model using SPSS WIN Ver. 12.0 and AMOS 6.0. The results of this study were as following: First, three factors of corporate image: distinction, growth, and social responsibility impact positively on consumers' brand attitude. Second, brand attitude influenced from corporate image positively impact on consumers's purchase intension. Through the results of this study, the facts that the participation of corporate in sports sponsorship are operated effectively as a medium for corporate growth was verified.
The relationship among customer satisfaction, brand equity and brand Loyalty in the K-League football clubs 프로축구 구단의 고객만족, 브랜드자산 및 브랜드충성도 간의 관계
강종구JongKuKang,유광길KwangKilYu,안재석JaeSeokAhn
48(3) 253-262, 2009
Title
The relationship among customer satisfaction, brand equity and brand Loyalty in the K-League football clubs 프로축구 구단의 고객만족, 브랜드자산 및 브랜드충성도 간의 관계
강종구JongKuKang,유광길KwangKilYu,안재석JaeSeokAhn
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to verify the relationship among customer satisfaction, brand equity and brand loyalty in the K-League football clubs to provide front with basic materials for improving earnings in the long term. the questionnaire was conducted in the range of an object of study the people randomized in the K-League football club with Jeonbuk Hyunday, Suwon Samsung, FC Seoul, Ulsan Hyunday and Jeonnam Dragons. We gave 400 questionnaires to subjects and computed 371 questionnaires sorted out from 400 raw data except 29 for lack of reliability. SPSS WIN Ver. 15.0 was used for frequency analysis, t-test, correlation analysis, reliability analysis, and exploratory factor analysis and LISREL 8.50 was used for confirmatory factor analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. The results of these procedures is th following. First of all, social benefit appear significant effect customer satisfaction. second, customer satisfaction appear significant effect brand image, brand awareness, perceived quality. third, customer satisfaction doesn't appear significant effect brand loyalty. lastly, brand image appear significant effect brand loyalty.
Key Words
K-League football club, customer relationship, brand equity, brand Loyalty
The relationship among visual identity, team image and team reputation of professional basketball industries 프로농구구단의 시각적 아이덴티티, 구단 이미지와 구단 평판 간의 관계
고성은SeongEunKoh , 손승범SeungBumSon
48(3) 263-273, 2009
Title
The relationship among visual identity, team image and team reputation of professional basketball industries 프로농구구단의 시각적 아이덴티티, 구단 이미지와 구단 평판 간의 관계
고성은SeongEunKoh , 손승범SeungBumSon
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study is intended to give suggestions for studying visual identity of professional basketball industries which has some effects on team image and team reputation and provide professional basketball industries with the suggestions improving image and deriving positive team reputation. For this research, responses from 272 consumers who was experienced attending or watching the TV basketball game was used. Correlation analysis, CFA, and SEM were used to examine research hypotheses by using SPSS win ver.14.0 and AMOS 5.0. As results was followed. First, visual identity had significant positive (+) influenced on team image. Second, visual identity had significant positive (+) influenced on team reputation. Third, team image had significant positive (+) influenced on team reputation. As indicated above, visual identity have critical effects on team image and team reputation. Accordingly, professional basketball industries must develop their own visual identity and manage team image and team reputation to appeal to consumers and active communication should be made as well.
Key Words
Visual identity, team image, team reputation
The market segmentation according to Life-style types of e-sports spectators e-스포츠 관람객의 라이프스타일유형에 따른 시장세분화
김종훈JongHoonKim , 이정학JeoungHakLee
48(3) 275-288, 2009
Title
The market segmentation according to Life-style types of e-sports spectators e-스포츠 관람객의 라이프스타일유형에 따른 시장세분화
김종훈JongHoonKim , 이정학JeoungHakLee
DOI:
Abstract
This study aims to offer basic empirical data that will realize differentiated business strategies and marketing strategies in order to cope with customer desires and views of e-sport spectators, who are various and become hierarchical through market segmentation according to the lifestyle types of e-sport spectators. The study conducted a research survey through convenience sampling method aimed at as spectator in Coex and Yongsan stadum who a total of 1150 copies were selected as the final effective samples. For data analysis SPSS WIN Ver. 12.0 was used. The results are as follows. By using factor scores of 6 factors extracted from a factor analysis, the study classified e-sport spectators into appropriate clusters with a K-means method, which is a non-hierarchical cluster analysis, as well as with a Ward method, which is one of the hierarchical cluster analysis methods. As a result of the cluster analyses, 4 clusters stood out, and Cluster 1 was named an ‘achievement seeking cluster’ in which 429 people belonged out of the total of 1150, and Cluster 2 was shown most highly to be the exercise seeking style, constituting 239 people; thus, it was named an ‘exercise seeking cluster’. Also, Cluster 3 was named a ‘nihility seeking cluster’ in which 276 people belonged, and the last cluster, Cluster 4, included 206 people and was discovered to highly consider a fashion/sociability seeking style; thus, it was named a ‘fashion/sociability seeking cluster’.
Effects of transformational and transactional Leadership on the organizational empowerment and commitment in volleyball team coaches 배구팀 지도자의 변혁적ㆍ거래적 리더십이 조직 임파워먼트와 조직 몰입에 미치는 영향
백승헌SeungHeonBaek , 김웅기WoongKiKim
48(3) 289-301, 2009
Title
Effects of transformational and transactional Leadership on the organizational empowerment and commitment in volleyball team coaches 배구팀 지도자의 변혁적ㆍ거래적 리더십이 조직 임파워먼트와 조직 몰입에 미치는 영향
백승헌SeungHeonBaek , 김웅기WoongKiKim
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of coach leadership(transformational and transactional) on organizational empowerment and commitment in middle and high school volleyball teams who were in the stage of psychological and physical immaturity and to provide empirical materials for coaching efficiency and early goal attainment in teams. The subjects were the players of volleyball teams operated in middle and high schools all over the country in 2008. A total of 257 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. T-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression were used for data processing. Finally the following results were obtained. First, the perceived leadership associated with demographic characteristics showed a statistically significant difference in sub-factors of sex and the position in the team. Second, as charisma, individual consideration, management-by-exception, and contingent reward was increased, the effect on organizational empowerment became more positive. Finally, charisma, individual consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, management-by-exception, contingent reward was increased, the effect on organizational commitment became more positive.
Development of performance evaluation indicators for efficient management of public sports center 국민체육센타 효율적 관리운영 평가지표 개발
김상범SangBumKim , 허정훈JungHoonHuh , 박성제SungJePark
48(3) 303-312, 2009
Title
Development of performance evaluation indicators for efficient management of public sports center 국민체육센타 효율적 관리운영 평가지표 개발
김상범SangBumKim , 허정훈JungHoonHuh , 박성제SungJePark
DOI:
Abstract
This study identified the vision, goal, role of public sports center through the literature review of BSC’s cases, open questionnaire, expert group interview, introduced the strategic goals and successful factors, and developed the final performance evaluation indicator with validity verification based on the previous processes. The results of open questionnaire for strategic goals, core factors of success, performance indicator showed that 1. maximizing management profit with increase of business operation income and reduction of cost, 2. satisfaction of customers and relative parties with improvement of customer’s satisfaction and strengthening relationship with relative parties, 3. providing clean facility and useful and interesting program with support for the conveniences of facility usage and reinforcement of customer service, 4. training staffs with expertise and competitiveness. The results of factor analysis for construct validity on the performance evaluation indicators revealed 7 factors - 1. customer satisfaction, 2. development of staff’s competitiveness, 3. improvement of customer and staff satisfaction, 4. management results from financial perspective, 5. reinforcement with relative parties, 6. safety management, 7. providing convenience of facility. The results of priority analysis showed that 1. usage pleasure and customer satisfaction, 2. improvement of customer & staff satisfaction, 3. management achievement, 4. facility convenience, 5. relationship reinforcement with relative parties, 6. safety management, 7. development of staff’s competitiveness.
Key Words
National Fitness Center, Management & Administration, Evaluation Indicator, Balanced Score Card
A PLS path modeling approach on golf participation motives, club selection attributes, repurchase intention of amateur golfer 아마추어골퍼의 골프참여동기, 클럽선택속성 및 재구매의도의 PLS 경로모형 분석
정지명JiMyungJung
48(3) 313-323, 2009
Title
A PLS path modeling approach on golf participation motives, club selection attributes, repurchase intention of amateur golfer 아마추어골퍼의 골프참여동기, 클럽선택속성 및 재구매의도의 PLS 경로모형 분석
정지명JiMyungJung
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to find out if golf participation motives influence club selection attributes for amateur golfer. Also, the subordinate factors of club selection attributes influence repurchase intention through PLS path modeling to provide useful information of marketing strategy in golf equipment industry. The population of this study was restricted by amateur golfer in Korea. We used convenience sampling method and distributed 200 questionnaires through Seoul and Gyeonggi area. 184 questionaries were finally adopted and analysed. In data processing, we used SmartPLS 2.0 program to check out validity and reliability test. Also, correlation, confirmatory factor analysis and cause and effect were analyzed by PLS path modeling. The result indicated that immersion of golf participation motives influenced on function of club selection attributes. Also, health affected brand and recommended club. Ostentation influenced on design and brand and fellowship affected price, brand and A/S. Finally, price and function of club selection attributes influenced on repurchase intention.
Analysis of structural model among upward comparison, thinness, body satisfaction and self-esteem, depression in Leisure sport participants 여성 운동 참여자의 상향비교, 날씬하고자 하는 욕구, 신체만족과 자아존중감 및 우울의 구조모형 분석
김석일SeokIlKim , 최영진YoungJinChoi
48(3) 325-336, 2009
Title
Analysis of structural model among upward comparison, thinness, body satisfaction and self-esteem, depression in Leisure sport participants 여성 운동 참여자의 상향비교, 날씬하고자 하는 욕구, 신체만족과 자아존중감 및 우울의 구조모형 분석
김석일SeokIlKim , 최영진YoungJinChoi
DOI:
Abstract
This study is to analyze of structural model among upward comparison, thinness, body satisfaction and self-esteem, depression in leisure sport participants focused on female university students. The subjects of this study were a total of 236 participants of female university students participate in leisure sport. And the method of the statistical analysis used in this study, were correlation analysis using SPSS 11.0 and covariance structure analysis using AMOS 7.0 program and MANOVA. As a result of these analysis, the conclusions of this study were as follows. first, this study showed positive(+) correlation between upward comparison and thinness. Also, this study showed negative(-) correlation between thinness and body satisfaction. second, body satisfaction influenced positively(+) self-esteem excepting upward comparison and thinness. third, self-esteem influenced negatively(-) depression. third, the more self-esteem, the more depression was lower, the more body satisfaction was lower.
Key Words
Upward comparison, depression, self-esteem
The relationships among basic psychological needs, behavioral regulation, and exercise stage of change in adolescence 청소년의 운동에 대한 기본적 심리욕구, 행동규제와 운동변화단계의 관계
천경민KyeongMinCheon , 표내숙NaeSookPyo
48(3) 337-348, 2009
Title
The relationships among basic psychological needs, behavioral regulation, and exercise stage of change in adolescence 청소년의 운동에 대한 기본적 심리욕구, 행동규제와 운동변화단계의 관계
천경민KyeongMinCheon , 표내숙NaeSookPyo
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was an analysis on basic psychological needs according to the stage of change in exercise behavior of adolescences, to research the influence of basic psychological need to exercise on behavior regulation of adolescence, and to predict stage of change in exercise behavior through basic psychological needs and behavior regulation to exercise of adolescence. The subjects of this study were a total of 729 middle and high school students in Busan. The results were as follows. First, basic psychological need and behavior regulation were different in stage of change in exercise behavior. The action and maintenance stage were higher than precontemplation and contemplation stages in all subfactors of basic psychological need. And precontemplation stage were higher than action and maintenance stages in amotivation and external regulation also maintenance was higher than precontemplation stage in identified and intrinsic regulation. Second, competence and autonomy was negative effect on amotivation and autonomy was negative effect on external regulation. And relatedness was negative effect on introjected regulation. Also competence was positive effect on introjected, identified and intrinsic regulation. relatedness was positive effect on intrinsic regulation. And autonomy was positive effect on identified and intrinsic regulation. Third, autonomy, identified regulation and intrinsic regulation were significant in classification of the stage of change in exercise behavior.
Key Words
Basic psychological need, behavior regulation, exercise behavior change stage, adolescence
The effects of Taekwondo masters` servant Leadership styles on customer satisfaction and repurchase behaviors 태권도장 경영자의 서번트 리더십 유형이 관원 만족도와 재구매 행동에 미치는 영향
조우정WooJeongCho , 강신범ShinBeumKang
48(3) 349-357, 2009
Title
The effects of Taekwondo masters` servant Leadership styles on customer satisfaction and repurchase behaviors 태권도장 경영자의 서번트 리더십 유형이 관원 만족도와 재구매 행동에 미치는 영향
조우정WooJeongCho , 강신범ShinBeumKang
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Taekwondo masters’ servant leadership styles on customer satisfaction and repurchase behaviors. A survey questionnaire developed by Page & Wong(2004) was applied as it is regarded as a comprehensive measure dealing with not only traditional leadership approaches but also current ones such as process orientated approach. A survey was conducted with a total of 420 students from 6 Taekwondo academies in Jeonnam Areas. With 366 usable questionnaires, data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis at the significant level of .05. Accordingly, following findings were derived from current study. First, among four factors of servant leadership, process orientation, human orientation, personal traits and task orientation factors had significant effects on customer satisfaction of Taekwondo trainees. Second, only human orientation and process orientation factors had significant effects on repurchase behaviors of them. Third, the level of customer satisfaction had a significant effect on repurchase behaviors too.
The effect of middle school students` participation in intramural sports activities on physical self-conception and emotion 중학생의 방과 후 스포츠 활동 참여가 신체적 자기개념 및 정서에 미치는 영향
표내숙NaeSookPyo , 정상훈SangHunJeong , 박철용ChulYongPark
48(3) 359-374, 2009
Title
The effect of middle school students` participation in intramural sports activities on physical self-conception and emotion 중학생의 방과 후 스포츠 활동 참여가 신체적 자기개념 및 정서에 미치는 영향
표내숙NaeSookPyo , 정상훈SangHunJeong , 박철용ChulYongPark
DOI:
Abstract
This study purposes to investigate that effect on physical self-concept and emotion of the middle school students in B region by participation degree in intramural sport activities. To achieve this goal, youths attending middle school in B region in 2008 were chosen as the population and for sampling, the valid samples of 460 persons have been used for the analysis, using purposeful sampling, one of non-probability sampling methods. As a data analysis method, exploratory factor analysis, t-test, and multiple regression analysis have been executed, using Window SPSS Ver. 14.0 program. The major results are as follow; It turned out that participating group had higher in physical self-concept and emotion than non-participating group by whether participate in intramural sports activities, it turned out that participation frequency, hour, period in intramural sports activities affected positively on physical self-conception and emotion. It turned out that effect of physical self-conception in intramural sports activities participation on emotion.
Key Words
Intramural sport activities, participation degree, physical self-concept, emotion
The analysis of TV news report program related to Yosam Choi 최요삼 선수 관련 TV 뉴스 보도 프로그램 분석
장건희GunHeeJang
48(3) 375-385, 2009
Title
The analysis of TV news report program related to Yosam Choi 최요삼 선수 관련 TV 뉴스 보도 프로그램 분석
장건희GunHeeJang
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to consider the directions of sports journalism by analyzing how the TV news report program broadcasts Yosam Choi. For this purpose, the authors analyzed all the comprehensive news programs and sports news broadcated on 3 TV broadcasting systems (KBS, MBC, SBS) in Korea through contents analysis methodology. Among the 155 issues in the analysis, the authors evaluated the reliability by selecting 25 issues (30%) randomly and the average consistency was .93. The results are as follow. First, the TV news report types related to Yosam Choi were shown in the order of 56 simple commentary reports (48.7%), 35 in-depth analysis reports (30.4%) and 24 straight reports (20.9%). Secondly, the reports showed biased views with sympathetic conception. In spite of considering the importance of organ donation, the weight of sympathetic reports over half could bear the problems of variety as well as balance of reports so that it is necessary to have more scrupulous consideration of distributions of reports. Thirdly, it was found that not a few lascivious words have been used in the reports. It was apart from the objective and neutral vision that the journalism should possess, for example, it was expressed as 'grudge of Korean boxing' and it expressed the championship as solution of 'chronic indigestion of Koreans'.
Key Words
TV news report, variety, Lascivious words
Validity and reliability of serious Leisure scale 진지한 여가 척도의 타당도 및 신뢰도 검증
황선환SunHwanHwang , 서희진HeeJinSeo
48(3) 387-396, 2009
Title
Validity and reliability of serious Leisure scale 진지한 여가 척도의 타당도 및 신뢰도 검증
황선환SunHwanHwang , 서희진HeeJinSeo
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop serious leisure scale for Korean by using Gould, Moore, McGuire, & Stebbins(2008)'s serious leisure scale and examine its validity and reliability. To conduct this study, a total of 255 individuals who participated in 2008 testing and training courses of third level instructor for 'sport for all' and who were over the age of 18 were selected using purposive sampling. Initial indicators of serious leisure were extracted from the instrument developed by Gould et al.(2008), in turn these indicators were adapted into Korean. To examine the validity of the questionnaire, we utilized feedback from a panel of experts, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. In order to test the scale reliability, the item-total correlation and Cronbach's α were determined and analyzed. As a result, 12 factors were extracted and confirmed from this scale: self-satisfaction and self-grat-enjoy, effort and career progress, unique ethos, group attraction and accomplishment, self-image, self-actualization and self-express, personal enrichment, financial return, perseverance, identity, career contingencies, and recreation. The validity and reliability of the serious leisure scale were very high. This study would be very important data to seriously conduct future studies on serious leisure with a valid measurement scale.
Key Words
Validity, reliability, serious Leisure scale
Influences of Leisure satisfaction according to participation dancesport activity on the changes of job satisfaction and Life satisfaction of Korean career women 직장여성의 댄스스포츠 참가에 따른 여가만족이 직무만족 및 생활만족에 미치는 영향
김동건DongKunKim , 이문숙MoonSookLee
48(3) 397-408, 2009
Title
Influences of Leisure satisfaction according to participation dancesport activity on the changes of job satisfaction and Life satisfaction of Korean career women 직장여성의 댄스스포츠 참가에 따른 여가만족이 직무만족 및 생활만족에 미치는 영향
김동건DongKunKim , 이문숙MoonSookLee
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine changes of leisure satisfaction, job satisfaction and life satisfaction according to participation dancesport activity, and also find out causal relationship among leisure satisfaction, job satisfaction and life satisfaction of Korean career women. The subjects of this quasi-experimental study were twofolds as one experimental group and one control group. Main contents and results of this study were as following : First, it was found that experimental group show a significant increase in term of leisure satisfaction, job satisfaction and life satisfaction compared to its countpart. Second, there existed significant causal relationship among leisure satisfaction, job satisfaction and life satisfaction. it was also found that the leisure satisfaction facilitated the job satisfaction and it finally leaded to life satisfaction.
Key Words
Dancesport, Leisure satisfaction, job satisfaction, Life satisfaction
The relationships between perceived motivational climates, achievement goals, and self-regulated Learning in dance classes 무용 동기분위기 지각과 목표성향 및 자기조절학습과의 관계
한미경MiKyungHan
48(3) 409-420, 2009
Title
The relationships between perceived motivational climates, achievement goals, and self-regulated Learning in dance classes 무용 동기분위기 지각과 목표성향 및 자기조절학습과의 관계
한미경MiKyungHan
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of perceived motivational climates and achievement goals on self-regulated learning in dance classes. The participants were 475 female college students majoring in dance and answered to questionnaires of perceived motivational climate, goal orientation, and self-regulated learning. The analysis of data was conducted using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and moderated hierarchical regression analysis centered each of the predictor variables. The results of regression analysis revealed task orientation was positively much associated with self-regulation in comparison with motivational climates in overall. The interactions for task orientation×eg orientation and mastery climate×task orientation emerged in meta-cognitive regulation and managing learning time respectfully, but they were not significant. In case of effort regulation, significant interaction effects for mastery climate×ego orientation and performance climate×task orientation emerged. The results indicate that studying the potential interplay between both individual and situational goal perspectives may contribute to enhance the understanding of students' self-regulation strategies in context of dance education.
Approach by action research on applying portfolio assessment to creative dance classes 창작무용 수업에서 포트폴리오 평가 적용이 실행연구적 접근
박찬숙ChanSookPark
48(3) 421-436, 2009
Title
Approach by action research on applying portfolio assessment to creative dance classes 창작무용 수업에서 포트폴리오 평가 적용이 실행연구적 접근
박찬숙ChanSookPark
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate what a teacher and students had experienced practically in the teaching and learning activities for creative dance classes applied by portfolio assessment, and what it might be implied. Thus, while the study was approaching by qualitative action research paradigm, creative dance classes presented items of portfolio were proceeded in a middle school of P city, after selecting a dance teacher and her girl students affiliated with two dance classes for seventh graders as the participants of this study. Data collected by participant observation and in-depth interview were analyzed by inductive category technique. And then, it was discussed on student control directed by voluntary engagement in class, various and efficient task presentation, assessment reflected by whole class activities, reflective teaching and learning activities executed actively, interest of dance class, cooperation for group activities, and self-assessment. Accordingly, creative dance classes applied by portfolio assessment could improve the self-directed learning activities of students, be closely approached toward a model of cooperative learning, and achieve the functions of performance assessment very effectively.
Key Words
Creative dance, portfolio assessment, action research
Effect of exercise training on blood Lipids and Cytokine across the FTO gene polymorphism in university women students 여대생의 FTO 유전자다형에 따른 훈련이 혈중지질 및 Cytokine에 미치는 영향
최문기MunGiChoi , 김진홍JinHongKim , 김태운TaeUnKim
48(3) 437-446, 2009
Title
Effect of exercise training on blood Lipids and Cytokine across the FTO gene polymorphism in university women students 여대생의 FTO 유전자다형에 따른 훈련이 혈중지질 및 Cytokine에 미치는 영향
최문기MunGiChoi , 김진홍JinHongKim , 김태운TaeUnKim
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of combined exercise program on blood lipids, and cytokine according to the FTO gene polymorphism in university women students. It investigated the rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) of the FTO gene in relation gene expression in 27 healthy university women students. The results showed that one was AA-homozygous, six were AT-heterozygous and twenty were TT-homozygous. They were divided into two groups, the AA+AT group(n=7) and TT group(n=20). The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test was applied to ensure independent segregation of alleles. The combined exercise performed were the aerobic ladder exercise with 60 to 70%(120 to 170 beats/min) of maximum heart rate for 35~40 minutes a day and the circuit weight training consisted of 15~20 repetitions/set/day with 3 days-session/week for 12 weeks. The interaction effect between time and groups showed a significant difference in T-C(p<.05), HDL-C(p<.05) and TNF-α(p<.05). In conclusion, these results indicate that the combined exercises had positive effectives on the changes of the body composition, blood lipids, and cytokine. These exercises have some effect on the risk of A allele with FTO rs9939609 obesity, however regular exercise and other environmental factors will help to get better results for overweight and obese persons.
Key Words
FTO gene, obesity, SNP, cytokine
Effects of endurance exercise intensity on the expression of neurotransmitters implicated in the food intake in the hypothalamus of starved rats 지구성 운동 강도가 절식 흰쥐 뇌의 시상하부에서 섭식관련 신경전달물질 발현에 미치는 영향
Effects of endurance exercise intensity on the expression of neurotransmitters implicated in the food intake in the hypothalamus of starved rats 지구성 운동 강도가 절식 흰쥐 뇌의 시상하부에서 섭식관련 신경전달물질 발현에 미치는 영향
The effect of endurance exercise intensity on the expressions of Neuropeptide Y (NPY), leptin and cholecystokinin (CCK) in the hypothalamus of starved rats was investigated via immunohistochemistry. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sixteen groups according to food-deprivation (normal conditions starvation conditions), exercise intensity (low, moderate, high), and exercise duration (1-day, 3-days). The food-deprivation animals limited food during 24 h and 72 h period. The animals in the exercise groups were made to run on treadmill for 30 min once a day for 1 or, 3 consecutive days according to one of three exercise protocols. Under normal conditions, exercise increased NPY expression and suppressed leptin and CCK expressions in the PVN. The present results also showed that the food-deprivation increased NPY expression and exercise suppressed NPY expression in the PVN under starvation conditions. The food-deprivation decreased leptin and CCK expressions and exercise increased leptin and CCK expressions in the PVN under starvation conditions. However, NPY, leptin, and CCK showed no significant differences in exercise intensity (low, moderate, high) and in exercise duration (1-day, 3-days). The present study showed that endurance exercise enhances desire for food intake under normal conditions, however, it suppresses desire for food intake under starvation conditions.
Key Words
Neuropeptide Y. Leptin, cholecystokinin, paraventricular nucleus, treadmill exercise
Effects of acute and gradual weight Loss on plasma volume and fluid, regulatory hormones in weight class athletes 체급경기선수의 급속 및 점증감량기간이 혈장량 및 체수분 조절호르몬에 미치는 영향
Effects of acute and gradual weight Loss on plasma volume and fluid, regulatory hormones in weight class athletes 체급경기선수의 급속 및 점증감량기간이 혈장량 및 체수분 조절호르몬에 미치는 영향
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rapid and gradual weight loss on plasma volume and fluid regulatory hormone(renin, aldosterone). Sixteen male boxers participated in this study and were divided to rapid(n=8, RW) and gradual weight loss group(n=8, GW). All subjects reduced approximately 5% of their body weight. In the RW, weight loss was achieved in 3day by fluid and energy restriction and forced sweating, In the GW, weight loss was lost in 16day by energy restriction and exercise. Blood samples were extracted to analyze all variables from pre and post body weight loss. Blood plasma volume showed decrease with weight reduction in both groups and the rate of decrease was higher in rapid weight loss group than that of gradual weight loss group(p=.007). Blood renin concentration increased significantly after weight loss in both group and the rate of increase was higher in rapid weight loss group than that of gradual weight loss group(p=.016). In conclusion, weight loss resulted decreased plasma volume and increased fluid regulatory hormones suggesting negative trends during weight loss. Rapid weight exaggerated such negative changes. Further study needed to elucidate the exact mechanism related to exercise performance, VO2max, capillary density with rapid and gradual weight loss.
The effect of aqua and Land aerobic exercise on metabolic syndrome risk factors of women with metabolic syndrome 수중과 지상에어로빅스 운동이 대사증후군 여성의 대사증후군 위험요인에 미치는 영향
The effect of aqua and Land aerobic exercise on metabolic syndrome risk factors of women with metabolic syndrome 수중과 지상에어로빅스 운동이 대사증후군 여성의 대사증후군 위험요인에 미치는 영향
The purpose of this study was to identify effects of aqua and land aerobic exercise on the metabolic syndrome risk factors of women with metabolic syndrome. The subjects of this study were 16 women with metabolic syndrome that satisfies the NCEP-ATP Ⅲ criteria seeking treatment at Kinternal medicine hospital located in U city. They were randomly assigned to two groups with 8 women in each group. Measurements of metabolic syndrome risk factors were taken before and after exercise. After completion of the test analysis, standard deviation of all variables obtained through the experiment were computed, paired t-test was used for differences within groups and ANCOVA was used for differences between groups at significance level .05. In changes within groups, glucose and systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in the land aerobics exercise group and HDL-C also significantly increased. TG decreased significantly in both groups, and waist circumference also decreased significantly in both groups. In changes between groups, glucose, TG and waist circumference decreased more significantly in the land aerobic exercise group than in the aquarobic exercise group.
Key Words
Aquarobic, Land aerobic, metabolic syndrome risk factors
The effects of road cycling training combined with strength and sprint interval training on short distance cycling-related performance 단기간의 복합 트레이닝이 단거리 사이클 선수의 경기력 향상 요인에 미치는 영향
김정훈JungHoonKim , 윤성원SungWonYoon
48(3) 479-488, 2009
Title
The effects of road cycling training combined with strength and sprint interval training on short distance cycling-related performance 단기간의 복합 트레이닝이 단거리 사이클 선수의 경기력 향상 요인에 미치는 영향
김정훈JungHoonKim , 윤성원SungWonYoon
DOI:
Abstract
The main goal of the current study was to observe the effect of road training program combined with strength and sprint interval training on athletic performance of short distance cyclists (5 males and 1 female) in high school settings who were required to take classes in morning session and participated in training programs in the afternoon. As a result of experiencing exercise training for 6 months, subjects' body surface area and frontal area as the first factor to influence performance for short distance cycling were not changed, and anaerobic pedaling capacity, the second factor for short distance cycling capacity as measured by 30 seconds Wingate test increased significantly post training program. Taken together, this data was resulted mainly from the combined effects of power-focused strength and high intensity sprint training.
Key Words
Periodization, Sprint Training, Road Cycling, Short Distance Cycling
An application of true score and real change to the interpretation of vertical ground reaction force differences during the golf swing 골프 동작 시 true score와 real change를 이용한 수직지면반력 차이 해석
An application of true score and real change to the interpretation of vertical ground reaction force differences during the golf swing 골프 동작 시 true score와 real change를 이용한 수직지면반력 차이 해석
Due to the inherent biological variation and measurement error, it is unrealistic to expect the same measure from repeated measurements of the same biomechanical quantity on the same subject. Ground reaction forces(GRFs) are frequently used for weight distribution and transfer in golf swing studies. So far as we know, there are little studies for golf swing GRF reliability and consistency. The purposes of this study were to reveal the reliability and consistency of golf swing GRF, to estimate true score(TS) of golf swing GRF and 68 % confidence interval of the TS. Other purposes were to show whether the GRF differences were real changes or not, and to suggest a practical study method for results application. Twelve male professional golfer recruited for the study and each subject executed iron swing five times. The results showed that there were no statistical differences among five GRF measures(p=.773 and over), means and standard deviations of GRF were not correlated(p=.072 and over), consistency of repeated GRF measures were high(ICC=.883 and over). Coefficients of variation of the GRF were 1.4~24.1 %, over 50 % of the participants showed RC at 68 % confidence interval. Several RC occurrence patterns were observed. It is concluded that indices derived from the standard error of measurement, such as TS and RC, are practical measures for an individual's golf swing GRF consistency and difference study.
Validation of SMART technology controller`s ability to calculate metabolic energy expenditure SMART technology를 이용한 칼로리 소모량 측정 controller의 신뢰성 검증
박승범SeungBumPark , 박상균SangKyoonPark
48(3) 499-506, 2009
Title
Validation of SMART technology controller`s ability to calculate metabolic energy expenditure SMART technology를 이용한 칼로리 소모량 측정 controller의 신뢰성 검증
박승범SeungBumPark , 박상균SangKyoonPark
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to compare the metabolic energy expenditure calculated by A shoe to the metabolic energy expenditure calculated using a direct metabolic measurement system (the Gold Standard method). Eleven healthy male subjects were required to walk on a treadmill at 5 km/hr for two trials once while wearing the shoe with a heavy insole, and once while wearing a light insole. During each walking trial, a computerized metabolic analysis system collected the air expired by the subject, and used this information to calculate the metabolic energy expended by the subject (Gold Standard method). Simultaneously, data were collected by the SMART technology controller on A shoe for the entire duration of the walking trial. The values obtained from both systems were then compared for all trials. It was found that A shoe only successfully recorded data in 45% of the trials. The analysis showed that A shoe does appropriately calculate the increase in energy expenditure per unit time, however, on average these values were approximately 10% lower than the Gold Standard values. Further, there was more variability in the A data than the Gold Standard data. These findings suggest that A shoe could provide a general indication of caloric expenditure during walking, if the values calculated by the system were to be increased by 10%. However, this will only provide a general solution that works well on average; individual readings could still be off by a significant margin. Further, the system should be verified that it does in fact properly record data for the entire duration that it is intended to.
Effects of the shot for different Length of golf drive joint shart tip 골프 드라이브 조인트 샤프트 팁(joint shaft tip)의 길이가 샷에 미치는 영향
김창욱ChangWookKim , 이중숙JoongSookLee
48(3) 507-516, 2009
Title
Effects of the shot for different Length of golf drive joint shart tip 골프 드라이브 조인트 샤프트 팁(joint shaft tip)의 길이가 샷에 미치는 영향
김창욱ChangWookKim , 이중숙JoongSookLee
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to find the ideal head speed, ball speed, launch angle and impact direction when drive by using different lengths of tip of shaft. Each lengths of the tip of shaft were general size, 26cm, and 21cm. The shaft used in this research was a patented shaft that has joints like bamboo to improve the effectiveness. As a result, there was not much difference by using different lengths. But it appeared to be the player who make the large head speed prefer shorter joint driver, and longer driver felt lighter. Also the variation of head speed that this research was looking for appeared that the tip with length of 21cm had the best result, but there were only slight differences. However, during the test, the players described that the 21cm shaft felt the best, and the direction of ball appeared to be more accurate, so further research based on 21cm is needed.
Key Words
Golf Drive, Shaft, Tip, Head Speed, Joint
The relationship among fundamental motor skill, cognitive development and adaptive behavior in children with Down syndrome 다운증후군 아동의 기본운동기술 및 인지발달, 적응행동과의 관계
강유석YooSeokKang , 김용국YoungKukKim
48(3) 517-528, 2009
Title
The relationship among fundamental motor skill, cognitive development and adaptive behavior in children with Down syndrome 다운증후군 아동의 기본운동기술 및 인지발달, 적응행동과의 관계
강유석YooSeokKang , 김용국YoungKukKim
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of fundamental motor skill and cognitive development on adaptive behavior in children with Down syndrome(DS) and provide useful information to parents and instructors who want to design the early intervention program. Participants in this study were recruited from organizations serving children with DS and from special schools in the Seoul and Kyung-gi province. The data were gathered from 50 children with DS(34 boys, 16 girls) ranging in chronological age from 7.1 to 11.7 years. The results of analyses were as follows; First, adaptive behavior in children with DS seem to be more related to the level of fundamental motor skill than to the level of cognitive development. Second, locomotor skill had a statistically significant influence on social skills and practical skills, however, object control skills positively influenced on three subscale of adaptive behavior. Verbal cognitive development had a statistically significant influence on conceptual skills. Performance cognitive development had a statistically significant influence on social and practical skills. These results suggested us that fundamental motor skill should be included on early intervention program to improve a daily living skills.
Key Words
Down syndrome, adaptive skill, fundamental motor skill, cognitive development
The effects of music jump roping on physical activity and physical fitness of obese children with mental retardation 음악줄넘기 활동이 비만 지적장애아동의 신체활동량과 체력에 미치는 영향
The effects of music jump roping on physical activity and physical fitness of obese children with mental retardation 음악줄넘기 활동이 비만 지적장애아동의 신체활동량과 체력에 미치는 영향
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of music jump roping on physical activity and physical fitness of obese children with mental retardation. 18 boys age between 9 to 13 years old with mental retardation who are residing in the metropolitan area participated in this study. Subjects were divided into two groups: activity group(n=9), control group(n=9). Physical activity was measured by accelerometer. BPFT(Brockport Physical Fitness Test) was use to evaluate the cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance, and flexibility and Inbody3.0 was used for body composition before and after 8 weeks of jump roping activity. The activity group exercised jump roping for 8 weeks(2 sessions/wk, 90min/session). The data were analyzed by Two-way ANOVA with repeated measure and post hoc was conducted. Significant level was p<.05. As a result, music jump roping significantly improved the physical activity, cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance, flexibility and decreased %body fat of obese children with mental retardation.
The effects of a pyroligneous Liquor on ammonia, glycogen and exercise performance in endurance training rat 지구성 운동시 목초액 투여가 흰쥐의 혈중 암모니아 농도와 글리코겐 함량 및 운동지속시간에 미치는 영향
The effects of a pyroligneous Liquor on ammonia, glycogen and exercise performance in endurance training rat 지구성 운동시 목초액 투여가 흰쥐의 혈중 암모니아 농도와 글리코겐 함량 및 운동지속시간에 미치는 영향
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pyroligneous liquor on blood ammonia, one of the fatigue sources during exercise, glucose, free fatty acid(FFA) concentrations, glycogen contents of liver and quadriceps, and exercise time to exhaustion in trained rats. The concentration of blood ammonia was significantly lowered in pyroligneous liquor ingested group(PL) than control group(CON). There was no significant differences in glucose, FFA, glycogen contents of tissues, and exercise time to exhaustion between CON and PL. Our finding suggests that pyroligneous liquor had a potential benefits on fatigue delay in partly, however it did not affect the level of energy substrates and exercise performance.
Key Words
Pyroligneous Liquor, exercise, glycogen, ammonia
The effect of regular exercise and F1,6DP on exercise capacity and glycogen uptake in rats 규칙적인 운동과, F1,6DP의 투여가 운동수행능력 및 글리코겐 저장에 미치는 영향
This study investigated effects of regular exercise and F1,6DP on exercise capacity, muscle glycogen, GLUT4 expression and blood insulin in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one four groups(n=16); sedentary control group, exercied control group, F1,6DP supplemented group and exercised F1,6DP supplement group. Rats were fed experimental diets supplemented with F1,6DP at the level of 10 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Rats of exercised control group and exercised F1,6DP supplement exercised groups performed swimming exercise training at 60 min/day for 4 weeks. Exhaustive swimming time, muscle glycogen concentration, muscle GLUT4 expression and blood insulin release was significantly higher in exercised control group, F1,6DP supplemented group, and exercised F1,6DP supplement group than sedentary control group. These results indicate that regular exercise and F1,6DP appear to be effective in enhancing enduranced exercised performance of rats.
Differences of body composition, physical fitness, and metabolic syndrome`s risk factors after 12 week combined exercise program between obese and non-obese middle school students 비만 및 정상체중 남자 중학생의 12주 복합운동프로그램 후 신체구성, 체력 및 대사성증후군 위험인자 변화의 차이
안나영NaYoungAhn , 김기진KiJinKim
48(3) 553-566, 2009
Title
Differences of body composition, physical fitness, and metabolic syndrome`s risk factors after 12 week combined exercise program between obese and non-obese middle school students 비만 및 정상체중 남자 중학생의 12주 복합운동프로그램 후 신체구성, 체력 및 대사성증후군 위험인자 변화의 차이
안나영NaYoungAhn , 김기진KiJinKim
DOI:
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of combined exercise training on body composition, physical fitness and metabolic syndrome's risk factors between obese and non-obese subjects in middle school boys. Subjects were grouped according to BMI(≥25 kg/m2) as obese(n=23) or non-obese(n=18). Body composition, blood lipid profiles (insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, TC, LDL-C, GOT, and GPT), physical fitness(grip strength, and back muscular strength, sit and reach, stand long jump, PEI), were measured. These parameters were examined the changes after 12 week combined exercise training, and were additionally analyzed the relationship among these parameters. Body weight, %fat, WHR(p<.001), 50m running, 1600m running, LDL-C, blood glucose level, insulin concentration and HOMA-IR significantly (p<.05) decreased after exercise training in obese groups and lean body mass, grip strength/body weight, sit up, sit and reach, back strength/body weight and PEI significantly (p<.05) increased after exercise training in obese group. Also, we can find that obese group showed a significant association of changing rate in %glucose vs %GOT, %GPT, %PEI ; %HOMA-IR vs %grip strength/body weight ; %LDL-C vs %50m running.
Analysis of Change of 1RM and body composition according to intensity of exercise in 12-weeks muscular resistance training program for elderly women with obesity 비만고령여성의 12주간 근저항트레이닝시 운동강도별에 따른 체조성과 최대근력의 변화 분석
박기덕GiDuckPark
48(3) 567-576, 2009
Title
Analysis of Change of 1RM and body composition according to intensity of exercise in 12-weeks muscular resistance training program for elderly women with obesity 비만고령여성의 12주간 근저항트레이닝시 운동강도별에 따른 체조성과 최대근력의 변화 분석
박기덕GiDuckPark
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to provide important basic information for muscular resistance training program by investigating effect of 12-weeks muscular resistance training program for elderly women with obesity on body composition and 1RM which is recognized as a standard of measuring muscular strength. In this research, an analysis was made on change of 1RM and body composition according to intensity of exercise in 12-weeks muscular resistance training program for elderly women with obesity. For that purpose, 39 elderly women with obesity were put into 3 groups for 3 different types of muscular resistance training -high strength, mid strength, low strength- and their body composition and 1RM were checked after 6 weeks and 12 weeks respectively. The result was as follows. As for change of body composition, there was no meaningful difference between groups in terms of strength of exercise, but it is to be noted that since 6th week, body fat and percent body fat started to reduce and muscle mass started to increase. As for change of 1RM, there was meaningful difference between groups according to period of exercise, and especially in 12th week, higher increase of 1RM occurred in the high-strength and mid-strength groups than in the low-strength group.
Key Words
Muscular resistance training, intensity of exercise, body composition, 1RM
Association of skill-related fitness with dynamic balance, isokinetic knee strength, and anaerobic power in youth elite soccer player 엘리트 고등학교 축구선수의 기술체력과 동적균형력, 하지근력, 무산소성 파워의 상관관계
Association of skill-related fitness with dynamic balance, isokinetic knee strength, and anaerobic power in youth elite soccer player 엘리트 고등학교 축구선수의 기술체력과 동적균형력, 하지근력, 무산소성 파워의 상관관계
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of complex exercise on improvement of physical fitness in highschool student who applicant of physical education college and offer effective exercise program. Research subjects were some of 16 highschool man students. They were divided into two types of groups; complex (footwork & plyometric) exercise group (experimental group) and plyometric exercise group (comparative group). Observation variable was preㆍpost test in two time, physical fitness test was power, agility, balance, strength. Results found from such a comparative analysis study were as follows; physical fitness test variation in power and agility showed a statistically significant difference between group, experimental group showed more improvement than comparative group. physical fitness test variation of preㆍpost exercise in power, agility, balance showed a statistically significant difference at experimental groups. But agility wasn't a statistically significant difference at comparative group. It appeared that in the effect of physical fitness test variation of preㆍpost exercise in strength, experimental group showed more positive improvement than comparative group. Between group was showed a statistically significant difference at only left flexor of average power. In conclusion, it showed positive effect of complex exercise on improvement of physical fitness more than single exercise. Therefore, offer of effective exercise program such as this is necessary in highschool student who applicant of physical education college.
Effects of complex exercise on improvement of physical fitness in highschool student who applicant of physical education college 복합운동이 체육계열학과를 지원하는 고동학생의 체력향상에 미치는 영향
김석희SeokHeeKim,유영규YoungKyuYu
48(3) 585-595, 2009
Title
Effects of complex exercise on improvement of physical fitness in highschool student who applicant of physical education college 복합운동이 체육계열학과를 지원하는 고동학생의 체력향상에 미치는 영향
김석희SeokHeeKim,유영규YoungKyuYu
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of complex exercise on improvement of physical fitness in highschool student who applicant of physical education college and offer effective exercise program. Research subjects were some of 16 highschool man students. They were divided into two types of groups; complex (footwork & plyometric) exercise group (experimental group) and plyometric exercise group (comparative group). Observation variable was preㆍpost test in two time, physical fitness test was power, agility, balance, strength. Results found from such a comparative analysis study were as follows; physical fitness test variation in power and agility showed a statistically significant difference between group, experimental group showed more improvement than comparative group. physical fitness test variation of preㆍpost exercise in power, agility, balance showed a statistically significant difference at experimental groups. But agility wasn't a statistically significant difference at comparative group. It appeared that in the effect of physical fitness test variation of preㆍpost exercise in strength, experimental group showed more positive improvement than comparative group. Between group was showed a statistically significant difference at only left flexor of average power. In conclusion, it showed positive effect of complex exercise on improvement of physical fitness more than single exercise. Therefore, offer of effective exercise program such as this is necessary in highschool student who applicant of physical education college.
